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<title>Text Object Model</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Text Object Model</span></span>

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<p>The <b>Text Object Model</b> (<b>TOM</b>) is a <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> <a href="Application_Programming_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application Programming Interface">API</a> that provides developers with object-based rich text manipulation interfaces. It is implemented through <a href="Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a>, and can be accessed through <a href="Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> or additionally through the RichEdit controls that normally ship with Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-tom_msdn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tom_msdn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>When TOM was developed, it was influenced heavily by WordBasic,<sup id="cite_ref-tom_msdn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tom_msdn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="Macro_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Macro language">macro language</a> used within Word before <a href="Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a> (<a href="Microsoft_Word#Word_1990_to_1995" title="Microsoft Word">Word 95</a> and previous releases). TOM has developed alongside the RichEdit technology, and has been present since version 1.0 of the RichEdit components.<sup id="cite_ref-richedit_2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richedit_2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The API has been available as an option for <a href="Windows_CE" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a> since the 2.5 release of RichEdit (Western Languages Only), which was at least used by <a href="Microsoft_Office_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office Mobile">Pocket Word</a> at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-richedit_2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richedit_2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Version 8.0 of RichEdit, which shipped with <a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, added support for <a href="OpenType_math" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenType math">OpenType math</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h2></div>

<p>To retrieve an implemented instance of <code>ITextDocument</code> <a href="Interface_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Interface (object-oriented programming)">interface</a> (the top-level document interface), the <code>EM_GETOLEINTERFACE</code> message may be sent via the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms644950.aspx">SendMessage</a> API to obtain a pointer to an <code>IRichEditOle</code> object, which also implements the <code>ITextDocument</code> interface.<sup id="cite_ref-tom_msdn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tom_msdn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TOM may operate differently depending on the version of the RichEdit control the interface is retrieved for (RICHEDIT50W windows provide more functionality than the standard RICHEDIT20W or RICHEDIT20A controls, like proper table support).<sup id="cite_ref-richedit_2006_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richedit_2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COM_Interfaces">COM Interfaces</h3></div>

<dl><dt>ITextDocument</dt>

<dd>A top-level interface. Documents may be opened and saved through this interface. Some screen update control is achieved here as well. Undo/redo grouping is implemented here. Arbitrary text ranges (<b>ITextRange</b>) and a text range for currently selected text (<b>ITextSelection</b>) are provided, which are used to modify or review the document.</dd>

<dt>ITextRange</dt>

<dd>Provides editing and data-binding tools to select text within a document, that can be examined, modified, or removed. Ranges exist within paragraphs, and the paragraph a range is within is accessible through a property of this object.

<dl><dt>ITextSelection</dt>

<dd>Provides selection information, in addition to functionality provided by the <b>ITextRange</b>.</dd></dl></dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ITextFont</dt>

<dd>Dual Interface with <b>ITextPara</b></dd>

<dd>A mechanism for inspection and modification of rich edit font attributes, that is considerably more extensive that the standard OLE interface used to describe a font (IFontDisp, StdFont).</dd>

<dt>ITextPara</dt>

<dd>Dual Interface with <b>ITextFont</b></dd>

<dd>Provides extensive information about the position, formatting outside of fonts (e.g. first line indent), behavior (e.g. widow control), and purpose of a paragraph (it could be a normal paragraph, a list, a table, etc).</dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">Component Object Model</a> (COM)</li>

<li><a href="Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">Object Linking and Embedding</a> (OLE)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb787607.aspx">"Text Object Model"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-richedit_2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-richedit_2006_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-richedit_2006_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-richedit_2006_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/murrays/richedit-versions">"RichEdit versions"</a>. 13 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/murrays/archive/2012/03/03/richedit-8-0-preview.aspx">"DevBlogs"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb787607.aspx">Text Object Model Overview</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb788041.aspx">Obtaining the TOM Object for a RichEdit Control</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/murrays/archive/2010/01/13/richedit-versions-1-0-through-3-0.aspx">Historical RichEdit/TOM information</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063220/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/murrays/archive/2010/01/13/richedit-versions-1-0-through-3-0.aspx">WebArchive link</a>)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brad-smith.info/blog/projects/textobjectmodel">TOM Classes for .NET</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct2D" title="Direct2D">Direct2D</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct3D" title="Direct3D">Direct3D</a></li>

<li><a href="D3DX" title="D3DX">D3D (extensions)</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_UI_Library" title="Windows UI Library">WinUI</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Color_System" title="Windows Color System">Windows Color System</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Image_Acquisition" title="Windows Image Acquisition">Windows Image Acquisition</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Imaging_Component" title="Windows Imaging Component">Windows Imaging Component</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Graphics_Infrastructure" title="DirectX Graphics Infrastructure">DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Advanced_Rasterization_Platform" title="Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform">Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectMusic" title="DirectMusic">DirectMusic</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectSound" title="DirectSound">DirectSound</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Speech_API" title="Microsoft Speech API">Speech API</a></li>

<li><a href="XAudio2" title="XAudio2">XAudio2</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a>

<ul><li><a href="DirectX_Media_Objects" class="mw-redirect" title="DirectX Media Objects">Media Objects</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Video_Acceleration" title="DirectX Video Acceleration">Video Acceleration</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xinput" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinput">Xinput</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectInput" title="DirectInput">DirectInput</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a></li>

<li><a href="Managed_DirectX" title="Managed DirectX">Managed DirectX</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_Foundation" title="Media Foundation">Media Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media" title="Windows Media">Windows Media</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Web</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Gadgets" title="Microsoft Gadgets">SideBar Gadgets</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Data access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Data_Access_Components" title="Microsoft Data Access Components">Data Access Components (MDAC)</a>

<li><a href="Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Sync_Framework" title="Microsoft Sync Framework">Sync Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access Database Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="MSXML" title="MSXML">MSXML</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Winsock" title="Winsock">Winsock</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Vista_networking_technologies#Winsock_Kernel" title="Windows Vista networking technologies">Winsock Kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Filtering_Platform" title="Windows Filtering Platform">Filtering Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Rally" title="Windows Rally">Windows Rally</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectPlay" title="DirectPlay">DirectPlay</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MAPI" title="MAPI">Messaging API</a></li>

<li><a href="Telephony_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Telephony Application Programming Interface">Telephony API</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Administration and<br>management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Win32_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Win32 console">Win32 console</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Management_Instrumentation" title="Windows Management Instrumentation">WMI (extensions)</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Vista_I/O_technologies#Offline_Files" title="Windows Vista I/O technologies">Offline Files</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer#Windows_Event_Log" title="Event Viewer">Event Log</a></li>

<li><a href="Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">Common Log File System</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">Component model</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">Distributed Component Object Model</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Framework_Class_Library" title="Framework Class Library">Framework Class Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Foundation_Class_Library" title="Microsoft Foundation Class Library">Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_Template_Library" title="Active Template Library">Active Template Library (ATL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Template_Library" title="Windows Template Library">Windows Template Library (WTL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_CryptoAPI" title="Microsoft CryptoAPI">Crypto API</a>

<ul><li><a href="CAPICOM" title="CAPICOM">CAPICOM</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">Windows CardSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Protection_API" title="Data Protection API">Data Protection API</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Support_Provider_Interface" title="Security Support Provider Interface">Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">Remoting</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Software_Factory_(Microsoft_.NET)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software Factory (Microsoft .NET)">Software factories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Enterprise_Library" title="Microsoft Enterprise Library">Enterprise Library</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">IPC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_RPC" title="Microsoft RPC">MSRPC</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_Data_Exchange" title="Dynamic Data Exchange">Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">Remoting</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Accessibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Active_Accessibility" title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">Active Accessibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_UI_Automation" title="Microsoft UI Automation">UI Automation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Text and multilingual<br>support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectWrite" title="DirectWrite">DirectWrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_Services_Framework" title="Text Services Framework">Text Services Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Input_method" title="Input method">Input method editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Language_Interface_Pack" title="Language Interface Pack">Language Interface Pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilingual_User_Interface" title="Multilingual User Interface">Multilingual User Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniscribe" title="Uniscribe">Uniscribe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Text_Object_Model&oldid=1281049544">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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